Crystal structure analysis of intermetallic compounds

Study concerns crystal structures and lattice parameters for a number of new intermetallic compounds. Crystal structure data have been collected on equiatomic compounds, formed between an element of the Sc, Ti, V, or Cr group and an element of the Co or Ni group. The data, obtained by conventional methods, are presented in an easily usable tabular form

Degree spectra for transcendence in fields

We show that for both the unary relation of transcendence and the finitary relation of algebraic independence on a field, the degree spectra of these relations may consist of any single computably enumerable Turing degree, or of those c.e. degrees above an arbitrary fixed $\Delta^0_2$ degree. In other cases, these spectra may be characterized by the ability to enumerate an arbitrary $\Sigma^0_2$ set. This is the first proof that a computable field can fail to have a computable copy with a computable transcendence basis

Out of the Frying Pan, Into the Fire: Mixed Affective Reactions to Social Proximity in Borderline and Avoidant Personality Disorders in Daily Life

Social proximity typically helps individuals meet their belongingness needs, but several forms of psychopathology, including borderline and avoidant personality disorders (BPD and APD, respectively) are characterized by social difficulties. This experience-sampling study is one of the first to directly investigate the affective reactions of individuals with BPD and APD (compared with healthy controls [HC]) to social proximity in daily life. We examined both person-level and day-level reactions. At the person level, the rate of social proximity across the diary period was associated with diminished feelings of rejection, isolation, shame, and dissociation in the HC group. In contrast, it was not associated with any affective reaction in the BPD group, and was associated with decreased rejection and isolation on the one hand, but also with increased anxiety in the APD group. At the day level, we used multilevel regression to examine affective reactions when in social proximity. The HC group showed a consistent benefit when in social proximity. In contrast, both PD groups exhibited mixed affective reactions to social proximity; specifically, benefits (increased positive affect, decreased rejection, isolation, and dissociation) were interspersed with costs (increased shame for both PD groups; increased anger for BPD; increased anxiety for APD). The mixed reactions found in both PDs may contribute to the disturbed relationships of individuals with these disorders

A Phenomenological Study in Understanding African American Spiritual Leaders and the Black Church on Elder Abuse

This qualitative study described how the Black Church and African American Spiritual Leaders in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, understood the issue of elder abuse and the Black Church\u27s role in navigating education and resources to those who are victims or at risk. African-American Spiritual Leaders\u27 role and leadership are integral in combating elder abuse among their older members of the church and society. African Americans have always placed a significant portion of their support in the church and frequently turn to them before considering other options. Acknowledging the church\u27s and spiritual leaders\u27 involvement in comprehending the awareness of elder maltreatment is essential when working with the older population, which further emphasizes this obligation. Understanding how the Christian church expresses hope and the likeness of God to its elderly population depends critically on understanding how pastoral leadership illustrates hope and the image of God. This framework outlined used Burn\u27s (1978) transformational leadership theory to explain the Spiritual Leaders\u27 knowledge and expertise to represent their capacity to communicate vision and inspiration for change to the senior population. This study used one research question and two supporting questions. A survey questionnaire and in-depth interviews with African American church leaders who had any information or experience with elder maltreatment served as the primary data-gathering methods for this study. This researcher aims to gather pertinent information for future research studies by looking at the leadership styles of pastoral leaders, their knowledge of elder abuse, and the role of the Black Church in successfully navigating elder abuse

Explicit and Inferred Motives for Nonsuicidal Self-Injurious Acts and Urges in Borderline and Avoidant Personality Disorders

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a perplexing phenomenon that may have differing motives. The present study used experience sampling methods (ESM) which inquired explicitly about the motives for NSSI, but also enabled a temporal examination of the antecedents/consequences of NSSI; these allow us to infer other motives which were not explicitly endorsed. Adults (n = 152, aged 18–65) with borderline personality disorder (BPD), avoidant personality disorder (APD), or no psychopathology participated in a 3-week computerized diary study. We examined 5 classes of explicit motives for engaging in NSSI, finding support primarily for internally directed rather than interpersonally directed ones. We then used multilevel regression to examine changes in affect, cognition, and behavior surrounding moments of NSSI acts/urges compared with control moments (i.e., without NSSI). We examined changes in 5 scales of inferred motives, designed to correspond to the 5 classes of explicit motives. The results highlight differing motives for NSSI among individuals with BPD and APD, with some similarities (mostly in the explicit motives) and some differences (mostly in the inferred motives) between the disorders. Despite their infrequent explicit endorsement, fluctuations in interpersonally oriented scales were found surrounding NSSI acts/urges. This highlights the need to continue attending to interpersonal aspects of NSSI in research and in clinical practice. Additionally, NSSI urges, like acts, were followed by decline in affective/interpersonal distress (although in a delayed manner). Thus, interventions that build distress tolerance and enhance awareness for affective changes, and for antecedent/consequence patterns in NSSI, could help individuals resist the urge to self-injure

Physical and chemical properties of clastic sediments from two caves in the northern karst region of Puerto Rico

Geochemical properties and organic characteristics are essential to understanding the general depositional dynamics of a cave. Most work on clastic cave sediments focuses on physical properties of sediments. Little work has been done on bulk organic matter and geochemical properties. This project reports physical and geochemical characterization of cave sediments from two caves in the northern karst region of Puerto Rico: El Tallonal Cave and Cueva Clara. Core and grab samples were collected and analyzed for particle size, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, organic matter characteristics using fluorescence spectroscopy, and major and minor elements using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The sediments were poorly to extremely poorly sorted despite being seemingly homogeneous. Sand- and silt-sized grains composed most of the sediments from both locations. Within El Tallonal Cave, differences in organic chemical properties between saturated and unsaturated sediments were observed. The maximum value of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and organic C/N ratios were higher, and the range was greater in saturated sediments. A three-component parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model was created using collected excitation-emission matrices on organic matter extracted from the sediments. All three modeled components were humic acid-like. Proportions of the modeled components differ between saturated and unsaturated sediments. Elemental concentrations collected using XRF on El Tallonal Cave sediments revealed that Al and Si are negatively correlated, suggesting that clay minerals and quartz occur together resulting in Si dominating in those sediments. Trace elements (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, As, Rb, and Nb) correlated positively with Ti, implying these elements are sourced from the same parent material. Correlations between Fe, Al, and Mn with P, Co, and As suggest that sorption or co-precipitation with Fe, Al, and Mn oxides is a possible retention mechanism within El Tallonal Cave sediments. No relationship between grain size and geochemical properties was observed. Preliminary comparison with soil and bedrock from the Luqillo Mountains located within the central highlands of Puerto Ricop show similar concentrations of Ti and Zr within El Tallonal Cave sediments suggesting these elements are conservative during transport. Results of this thesis show that sediment deposition and chemistry in individual caves are complex natural systems. Heterogeneity among cores within single caves was observed. Future studies are needed to better understand the differences observed in saturated and unsaturated sediments, as well as to further explore the mechanisms controlling the geochemical trends observed in cave sediments

Emotion Differentiation as a Protective Factor Against Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Borderline Personality Disorder

Evidence that nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) serves a maladaptive emotion regulation function in borderline personality disorder (BPD) has drawn attention to processes that may increase risk for NSSI by exacerbating negative emotion, such as rumination. However, more adaptive forms of emotion processing, including differentiating broad emotional experiences into nuanced emotion categories, might serve as a protective factoragainst NSSI. Using an experience-sampling diary, the present study tested whether differentiation of negative emotion was associated with lower frequency of NSSI acts and urges in 38 individuals with BPD who reported histories of NSSI. Participants completed a dispositional measure of rumination and a 21-day experience-sampling diary, which yielded an index of negative emotion differentiation and frequency of NSSI acts and urges. A significant rumination by negative emotion differentiation interaction revealed that rumination predicted higher rates of NSSI acts and urges in participants with difficulty differentiating their negative emotions. The results extend research on emotion differentiation into the clinical literature and provide empirical support for clinical theories that suggest emotion identification and labeling underlie strategies for adaptive self-regulation and decreased NSSI risk in BPD

Macroscale analysis of mistletoe host ranges in the Andean-Patagonian forest

The number of host species infected by a mistletoe (host range) is critical in that it influences prevalence, virulence and overall distribution of the parasite; however, macroecological analyses of this life history feature are lacking for many regions. The Andean-Patagonian forest, found along the southern Andes from 35 °S to Tierra del Fuego at 55 °S, contains 12 mistletoe species in three families (Loranthaceae, Misodendraceae and Santalaceae). By tabulating herbarium records, the host ranges and geographical distributions of these mistletoes were explored. Our results show that these parasites occur on 43 plant species in 24 families but with varying degrees of specificity. All Misodendrum species and Desmaria mutabilis (Loranthaceae) are specialists that use Nothofagus as their primary hosts. Tristerix and Notanthera (Loranthaceae) and Antidaphne and Lepidoceras (Santalaceae) are generalists parasitizing more than six host species from several genera and families. Although many of the mistletoe species are sympatric, there is low overlap in host use. Our data show that in the southern South American bioregion, generalist mistletoes have smaller geographic ranges than specialists. This contrast with a previous hypothesis that predicted mistletoes with large geographic ranges would also have large host ranges, and conversely, less diverse regions would have more specialised mistletoes.Fil: Amico, Guillermo Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Nickrent, Daniel. Southern Illinois University; Estados UnidosFil: Vidal Russell, Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin